POLONNARUWA: A JOURNEY THROUGH SRI LANKA’S GLORIOUS MEDIEVAL CAPITAL

Best things to do and see in Polonnaruwa. Sri Lanka.

Polonnaruwa: A Journey Through Sri Lanka’s Glorious Medieval Capital

Polonnaruwa District, located in Sri Lanka’s North Central Province, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that showcases the grandeur of the island's medieval kingdom. As the second ancient capital of Sri Lanka after Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa is famed for its well-preserved ruins, royal palaces, irrigation marvels, and timeless Buddhist artistry. Nestled amidst serene landscapes and ancient reservoirs, this district offers travelers a rich mix of culture, history, and outdoor adventure. Ideal for cycling enthusiasts, history lovers, and spiritual seekers, Polonnaruwa provides a glimpse into a time when Sri Lanka thrived under powerful monarchs.

Polonnaruwa stands as a monument to Sri Lanka’s artistic brilliance and engineering excellence. Whether you're gazing up at colossal Buddha statues or cycling through peaceful temple grounds, this ancient city invites you to relive a royal era of vision and grandeur.

1. Royal Palace of King Parakramabahu – Once a seven-story structure, the ruins are still majestic.

2. Gal Vihara – World-famous rock temple featuring four massive Buddha statues carved into granite.

3. Vatadage – A beautifully carved circular relic house with stone guard stones and moonstones.

4. Nissanka Latha Mandapaya – A unique pavilion with stone columns shaped like lotus stems.

5. Rankoth Vehera – A large stupa constructed by King Nissanka Malla.

6. Lankathilaka Image House – Towering brick structure housing a massive standing Buddha statue.

7. Thuparama Image House – The only image house in Polonnaruwa that still has its original roof.

8. Siva Devalaya (No. 1 & 2) – Hindu temples built during Chola rule showcasing South Indian architecture.

9. Pothgul Vihara – Ancient library complex believed to have stored sacred texts and palm leaf manuscripts.

10. Medirigiriya Vatadage - A scenic and less-visited circular relic house on a hill, similar to the Polonnaruwa Vatadage but more tranquil.

11. Somawathiya Stupa (approx. 1.5 hrs. away) - A revered Buddhist stupa said to enshrine a relic of the Buddha. Located deep inside the Somawathiya National Park.

12. Pabalu Wehera - Pabalu Wehera is an ancient brick stupa in Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka, believed to have been built by a consort of King Parakramabahu I and known for its unique architecture and historical significance. 

13. Cycle Tour of the Ancient City – Rent a bicycle and explore the ruins spread across lush greenery.

14. Guided Heritage Tours – Learn about ancient Sri Lankan kings, architecture, and Buddhist philosophy.

15. Photography & Sketching – Ideal setting for artistic inspiration amid centuries-old architecture.

16. Parakrama Samudra – A massive reservoir also known as the “Sea of King Parakrama.”

17. Angammedilla National Park – Forest reserve home to elephants, deer, and diverse birdlife.

18. Minneriya National Park – Famous for the “Gathering” of hundreds of elephants (seasonal).

19. Kaudulla National Park – A popular safari destination for elephant sightings and birdwatching.

20. Bird Watching - The tanks (reservoirs) and surrounding forests are teeming with endemic and migratory birds.

21. Alahana Pirivena Monastic Complex – A large monastic university during King Parakramabahu’s reign.

22. Galpotha (Stone Book) – A 9-meter-long slab of stone with ancient inscriptions.

23. Archaeological Museum of Polonnaruwa – Offers insights into the city’s golden age through models and relics.

24. Sunset by Parakrama Samudra – Enjoy a peaceful sunset over the historic reservoir.

25. Visit a local village – Engage in traditional cooking, farming, or pottery experiences.